from a speech when he was assistant secretary of the navy at the naval war college in 1897

Among them was Admiral Wu Shengli, the head of China’s navy at the time and the man who was driving its expansion to compete with the American Navy. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, the commanders of virtually all the world’s navies were there, a galaxy of admirals, all resplendent in their dress uniforms. When I was speaking on the challenges of globalization and international commerce at the U.S.

That history is haunted in particular by four ghosts, long-departed men from centuries past whose shadows fall across the South China Sea, their legacies shaping the deepening rivalry in the region historical figures whose lives and work have framed the disputes about sovereignty and freedom of navigation, the competition of navies, as well as war and its costs.ĭuring the writing of my book, The New Map, I began thinking about these men. As Tommy Koh, a senior Singaporean diplomat who led negotiations to create the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, told me, “the South China Sea is about law, power, and resources, and about history.”

It is not simply about one body of water, or a single boundary. The standoff over the South China Sea thus has many levels of complexity. These tensions grow out of a disagreement between the two countries as to whether the South China Sea is Chinese territory, a quarrel that speaks to a deeper dispute about maritime sovereignty, how it is decided upon, and the fundamental rights of movement in those waters. Given what is called the growing “strategic rivalry” between Washington and Beijing, the specter of an accident that in turn triggers a larger military confrontation preoccupies strategists in both capitals. In July, the two nations carried out competing naval exercises in those waters. It is also the most dangerous body of water in the world, the place where the militaries of the United States and China could most easily collide.Ĭhinese and American warships have just barely averted several incidents there over the past few years, and the Chinese military has warned off U.S. T he South China Sea is the most important body of water for the world economy-through it passes at least one-third of global trade.

From a speech when he was assistant secretary of the navy at the naval war college in 1897